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Publication Metadata only A Decision Support Tool for Classification of Turkish SMEs’ Industry 4.0 Score Levels(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Dündar, Uğurcan; YÜKSEKTEPE, FADİME ÜNEY; GERGİN, ZEYNEP; EMİR, OĞUZ; Gençyılmaz, Güneş M.; Çavdarlı, Ali İhsanThe concept of industry 4.0 aims to enhance the employment of digitalization with the help of burst in computer usage after the third major revolution in industry. Hence, to keep up with the new trends in industry, companies should transform their processes into digital platforms. In Turkey, 99.8% of the companies are SMEs, so in order to be in the global economic competition Turkey should enable their SMEs to make the process shifts to digitalization. In this manner, in 2018 a project is initiated by KOSGEB to evaluate the readiness of SMEs and help them for Industry 4.0. As the last step of this project, a decision support tool is created with classification algorithm behind. In this paper, chosen instruments are used to predict the Industry 4.0 score of SMEs that are calculated with previously published algorithm in the scope of the project. In terms of classification, three algorithms are compared with ROC metric. CatBoost algorithm which is specifically created for categorical classification is compared with Support Vector Machine algorithms (SVM and µ-SVM) that performed best in previous research. CatBoost outperformed other algorithms and is used as base classification method in decision support tool. This decision support tool will be used in decision making process of KOSGEB to which companies to help. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Publication Metadata only A Comparative Sectoral Analysis of Industry 4.0 Readiness Levels of Turkish SMEs(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) EMİR, OĞUZ; GERGİN, ZEYNEP; YÜKSEKTEPE, FADİME ÜNEY; Dündar, Uğurcan; Gençyılmaz, Güneş M.; Çavdarlı, Ali IhsanThe concept of Industry 4.0 brings new standards and has an essential impact on business models, work organizations, and processes. Nowadays, companies are enforced to perform such challenges as meeting personal customer requests, flexibility, responsiveness, customer-oriented solutions, and delivering continuous value to survive in the competitive market. The most innovative companies are resourceful to integrate new digital tools into their business models by following initial trends. For Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), adopting these new industrial challenges, and responding to them quickly is vital when it is considered that they have 99.8% of the enterprise share of Turkey. To do so, an intensive effort is needed to integrate Industry 4.0 applications within the enterprises. It has been suggested in the literature that manufacturing organizations should begin with understanding their current level of maturity by defining their strengths and weaknesses. Further, a significant effort is required with the collaboration of government, academia, and industry leaders to guide enterprises for improving their capabilities in an objective and standardized manner. Despite the diversity of approaches directed to Industry 4.0 concepts, it is not easy to find a study that measures how the manufacturing sector is adopting Industry 4.0 and compares manufacturing sectors with each other. To this end, broad research is initiated in March 2018 to identify the current situation of SMEs in Turkey. In this paper, it is intended to extend the study by providing a comparative sector analysis for manufacturing SMEs in Turkey in terms of Industry 4.0 transformation. Possible action plan suggestions are presented according to the results obtained at the end of the paper. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Publication Metadata only Industry 4.0 Score Prediction of Turkish SMEs via Data Classification(2019-08) DÜNDAR, Uğurcan; Gergin, Zeynep; ILHAN, DOGAN AYBARS; Güneş Gençyılmaz, Mehmet; Çavdarlı, Ali İhsan; YÜKSEKTEPE, FADİME ÜNEY; 275477; 141772; 274545; 30141Todays most important industrial concept for companies is to be able to incorporate new technologies into their planning and monitoring systems. These technologies include sensor systems, cloud technologies, automation, predictive/pre-emptive maintenance, 3D printing, smart warehouses, etc. In order to survive in today’s competitive business environment, this revolution is very important for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey. Hence, in order to analyze the relationship between new technologies and Industry 4.0 score of Turkish SMEs, a data mining study is performed in this research. A survey is performed to gather information on the awareness, readiness and interests of SMEs in new technologies in addition to their Industry 4.0 scores. Aim of this study is to predict whether Industry 4.0 scores of SMEs is low or high by using their technology utilizations. As this is a typical data classification problem, many different data classification methods are applied to determine the best alternative by using WEKA software. Among them, the highest prediction accuracy is 69.11%, obtained by Support Vector Machines. Thus, a Turkish SME’s Industry 4.0 score level could be predicted by just investigation of its new technology usage. Therefore, Turkish government could use this approach to determine the current situation of a SME. Moreover, government could determine their supporting programs based the technology usage levels of the SMEs.Publication Metadata only Comparative Analysis of the Most Industrialized Cities in Turkey from the Perspective of Industry 4.0(2019-08) Gergin, Zeynep; ILHAN, DOGAN AYBARS; Gençyılmaz, M.Güneş; DÜNDAR, Uğurcan; Çavdarlı, Ali İhsan; YÜKSEKTEPE, FADİME ÜNEY; 141772; 274545; 30141; 275477It can be declared that the adaptation of companies to the new industrial revolution, so called Industry 4.0, is not a choice but an issue of survival. The structure of business processes are changing with the newly introduced, radical and highly value adding technological drivers, such as internet of things, cloud computing, autonomous robots, augmented reality, cyber security system, etc. In the globalized trade markets none of the companies can close their eyes to this new era and ignore the required change in their operations. Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have 99.8% enterprise share of Turkey, and consequently have obvious contribution not only to the local economy but also to the global competition strength of the country. In that sense, catching up the fourth industrial revolution has to be the prior agenda of the SMEs, and also of the government institutions and the universities from the perspective of giving the required support. This study is the continuum of the broad research that is initiated in March 2018. The purpose is to identify the current situation of SMEs in Turkey with respect to their various implementations for Industry 4.0 transformation. A specifically designed questionnaire is applied to SME’s with the support of KOSGEB (Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Development Organization), and in this stage of the research, the companies located in four major cities, namely Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir and Bursa, are analyzed and compared. The study aims to find out the level of awareness and readiness of SMEs in these cities and measure their Industry 4.0 scores. The final target is to support the Industry 4.0 implementations by defining the current situation and proposing suitable actions for adaptation based on varying results.Publication Metadata only Industry 4.0 Scorecard for SMEs(Springer, 2018-09) Gergin, Zeynep; Gençyılmaz, Mehmet Güney; İlhan, Doğan Aybars; Dündar, Uğurcan; Cebeci, Özay; Çavdarlı, Ali İhsan; YÜKSEKTEPE, FADİME ÜNEY; AKTİN, AYŞE TÜLİN; 141772; 30141; 109203; 274545; 275477Today the industry is revolutionizing into a new era with the total integration of all elements of the production through digitalization and establishing communication between each other. This new revolution is named as “Industry 4.0”. Turkey is categorized as a developing country in terms of economy and Turkish economy is ranked at 17th place in world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ranking. The country’s economy met the expectations and reached 7.4% GDP growth in 2017 while worldwide average growth was 3.6%, and developing countries had the average of 4.6%. Turkish government encourages enterprises to keep up with industry 4.0, and KOSGEB (Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Development Organization) is supporting the SMEs with various programs. This can be seen as an opportunity for Turkish industry to catch the trend and increase its growth rapidly. And at this point the exact knowledge of the current situation is crucial. Small and Medium Sized Enter- prises (SME) has the 99.8% of the total according to Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). Hence, this project is initiated to identify the current situation of SMEs of Turkish industry. A comprehensive questionnaire is prepared to find out the readiness and requirements of the SMEs for Industry 4.0 transformation. This questionnaire is applied to SMEs operating in Marmara Region of Turkey. The outcome of the research shows a scorecard for the SMEs in terms of technology usage, readiness to Industry 4.0, and also increased their awareness on the concept and the importance of the new era. The future studies are continuing as a second phase of this research in order widen the research to all regions of the country, and to develop the transformation capabilities of the selected enterprises.